Naang Noppamart:
The Originator of the
Loy Krathong Festival

Long ago at the royal court of the Kingdom of Sukhothai there was
a Brahman priest and his wife. It was the Brahman's duty to perform such
ceremonies as the monarch, King Pra-ruang, requested. It was his
special duty to decorate the palace for the Duan Sibsong (twelfth month)
festival. The couple had a daughter and as she grew they realised that she
would be extremely beautiful, intelligent and artistically talented. Because
of her father's own knowledge and privileged position at the court, she
had great opportunities to further her education and at an early age she
could read and write the Thai language as well as Sanskrit. Through the
texts that were available in the libraries of the city she became knowledgeable
about astronomy and astrology, she studied poetry and became an accomplished
poet and gained great knowledge of the origins of the Duan Sibsong ceremony
and its rituals.
With her dainty fingers she could make intricate and beautiful garlands
of flowers and was enormously skilful at fruit and vegetable carving.
With her beauty and talent, and her presence around the royal court, it
is no surprise that she caught the eye of King Pra-ruang, and at the tender
age of 17 was taken as one of his concubines. Her name was Naang Noppamart.
The Duan Sibsong
ceremony had come to northern Thailand through circuitous routes. Ancient
Hindu custom was to worship their triple deities with lanterns mounted
on long poles in the twelfth lunar month. This was then followed by the
floating of lanterns to worship the spirit of the Ganges, the mother of
waters. This symbolized the end of the monsoon and was possibly originally
a ceremony to request the rivers to reduce their flow and enable the rice
to be harvested. With the expansion of the Hindu religion over much of
Southeast Asia, these traditions of worship would have found their way
to the Hindu Khmer state during its time of glory and then northwest into
Thailand, probably reaching the Mon kingdom of Haripoonchai before the
rise of the Lanna kings.
King Pra-ruang wanted to create a Sukhothai flavor in the Duan
Sibsong ceremony and organized a competition to be judged on the night
of the 12th full moon for a new design of the floating lanterns. Naang
Noppamart exercised her talents wisely and made a beautiful float entirely
of fruits and flowers, using the stem of the banana for buoyancy and decorated
with banana leaves to resemble the leaf of the lotus. Her creation easily
won the contest and the king decreed that henceforth this Krathong (originally
Khamot in the northern dialect) should be the standard carrier of light
for the ceremony.
Naang Noppamart grew to be King Pra-ruang's favorite and led
a comfortable life, though using her abilities to their best advantage.
Amongst other achievements she wrote Tumrub Thao Srichulaluck, an autobiography
and a text on the history and performance of the Duan Sibsong ceremony.
Legend or reality? Who knows? Whatever, it lends a further layer of
charm to Loy Krathong, and to this day the beauty queen winning the Loy
Krathong beauty contest is given the title Naang Noppamart.
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